Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. The word periodontal literally means "around the tooth." Periodontal diseases are caused by bacterial infections that destroy the attachment fibers and supporting bone that hold your teeth in your mouth. Daily brushing and flossing will prevent most periodontal conditions. There are many forms of gum disease. The most common ones include:

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It causes the gums to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. There is usually little or no discomfort at this stage. Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good at home oral care.

Mild Periodontitis

If gingivitis, the mildest form of periodontal disease, is left untreated, it can advance to periodontitis. In the mild stage, periodontal diseases begin to destroy the bone and tissue that support the teeth.

Moderate to Advanced Periodontitis

Moderate to advanced periodontitis develops if earlier forms of the disease like gingivitis and mild periodontitis are left untreated. This is the most advanced form of the disease in which extensive bone and tissue loss occurs.  It starts out as gingivitis that then spreads down to the root surface causing alveolar bone resorption and pocket formation. This can eventually lead to damage to the periodontal ligament and tooth loss. Other complications include periodontal abscess and osteomyelitis of the jaws.